CALIFORNIA SPREADWING DAMSELFLIES
CALIFORNIA SPREADWING DAMSELFLIES
AKA
CALIFORNIA Lestidae

Checkdamsels originally provided by Ron Lyons
with
COMMON (English) NAMES OF DRAGONFLIES
as originally adopted by the Dragonfly Society of the Americas
(Argia, vol.8, no.2, 1 August 1996)
with all current revisions.

Information for this site has been collected and edited Kathy Biggs who assumes full responsibility.


New links &/or information was added to this site in
2007

This site is 100% privately maintained. If you've found it helpful, a donation to help keep in on the web would be appreciated, thanks! K. Biggs


The CA distribution maps were last updated in 2006. Click here to access distribution in nearby states


To learn more about these fascinating insect's life cycle go to "Damsels and Dragons - the Insect Order Odonata". This article by Ron Lyons, which first appeared in the Internet Pond "The Internet Ponder's Online Magazine", was written in 1997 for Kathy Biggs' "Critter's in Your Pond" column.

CA distribution Maps are maintained by Tim Manolis &/or Kathy Biggs. They are based on information originally collected by Dennis Paulson (see address below) and are being updated when new sightings are reported to us &/or specimens are found in museum collections. If you find a species in a new county please contact Kathy and/or Tim.

DRAGONFLIES of California and Common DRAGONFLIES of the Southwest
A Beginner's Pocket Guide


by Kathy Biggs
(includes damselflies)


Information for this site has been collected and edited by Kathy Biggs who assumes full responsibility.

References to pictures are as follows:

CA Dragonflies = Common Dragonflies of California, A Beginner's Pocket Guide by Kathy Biggs

CA Dragons & Damsels = Dragonflies and Damselflies of California by Tim Manolis. UCPress. April 2003

CA+SW Dragonflies = Dragonflies of California and Common Dragonflies of the Southwest, A Beginner's Pocket Guide by Kathy Biggs 2006

SW Dragonflies = Common Dragonflies the Southwest, A Beginner's Pocket Guide by Kathy Biggs 2004

Stokes Guide = Beginner's Guide to Dragonflies by Blair Nikula, Jackie Sones. A Stokes Guide. May 2002

CA Insects = California Insects by Jerry Powell and Charles Hogue

* = photo/scan(s)/key available to see at this Internet website


Scientific Name

Common Name

Archaic Name

Remarks/Description

Habitat/Flight Dates

Picture in book

*Photo/scan at website




FAMILY Lestidae

Spreadwings

2 CA genera

sizes: medium to large, slender, 31- 62 mm

description: clear wings that narrow to stalks at base;
wings usually held spread when at rest

males: dark with blues, greens;
blue eyes; pruinose pale area near tip;
some show more extensive pruinosity

females: more stout, less colorful

behaviors: unique posture - hold their wings mostly open (but usually not flat) when at rest, (like stealth bombers);
over-winter as eggs which hatch in the spring and emerge as adults in the summer/fall

habitat: mostly found in ponds, marshes, & streams in the hillsides or mountains


Photos by Kathy Biggs, Bob Claypole

CA Dragonflies p. 70

CA Dragons&Damsels p. 3; 20; 20; 34, 41-49

SW & CA+SW Dragonflies - p. 127

*The Spreadwings of the Southwest

*Key to larva in Michigan, UMMZ




GENUS: Archilestes
Stream Spreadwings
2 CA species

size: large, stout with broad wings; 41 - 62 mm
largest damselflies in CA

male: hold wings out to sides more than over backs

behavior: hang on sunny leaves of willows, alders, bay or dry grass/thistle stems nearby to them;
fly out 6 -10' to hawk prey;
deposit eggs in woody stems of alder, willow and bay tree branches, high, above water line, even above creek beds that are dry at the time

habitat: found along moving water

flight period: seen mostly in the fall, or early winter


Photo by Kathy Biggs

CA Dragons&Damsels p. 41-43

SW & CA+SW Dragonflies - p. 127

*The Stream Spreadwings of the Southwest

*Key to larva in Michigan, UMMZ




Archilestes californicus
aka A. californica

California Spreadwing

photo male
photos male
photo male
photo male
photo male
photo male
photo male
photo male
photo male
photo male
photo teneral male
photo teneral male
photo male
photo female
photo female
photo ovipositing pair
photo ovipositing pair
photo ovipositing pairs

scans male 2003
scan male 1998
scans male 1999
scan female

distribution map

size: medium/large, slender, length 42- 59 mm;
hindwing 26 - 35 mm

male: hold wings out to sides much more frequently than over the back;
long body dark and tan with pruinose area near tip;
contrasting white stripes on thorax side are not continuous;
blue eyes when mature;
wings colorless with stigma appearing pale when seen from above;
lower appendages are parallel;

female: less colorful brown/tan toned body; pale stigma

similar species: Great Spreadwing has one continuous stripe on side of thorax which is often pale yellow

behavior: oviposit into alder, willow and bay branches

habitat: slow streams & ponds with alders/willows/bay trees
often found over rocky dry creek beds in late summer/early fall

flight period: June - December; found mostly late in the season

distribution: sporadic statewide

CA Dragonflies p. 74

CA Dragons&Damsels p. 19; 26; 41-42; pl. 2

CA Insects: Ca. Spread-wing p 46 #22, 23

SW & CA+SW Dragonflies - p. 132

Dragonflies of Washington, p. 4

*Photo of pair by Ron Lyons
at San Diego County Bug Pictures

* Photos by Douglas Aguillard at Dragonflies of San Diego & Imperial Counties

*Photos by Ray Bruun @ his Dragonfly & Damselfly Photography Pages

*Photo at Eric Preston Photography, Damselflies

*Photo at Don Roberson's Damselflies and Dragonflies of Monterey County, California

*Photos by John Sterling at his Damselflies and Dragonflies of California

*Photos and scans at Dragonflies of the Southwest

*Photos at Arizona Odonates

*Photo by Gaylord Mink at Wildlife Images of OR/WA

*Scans of male/female by Dennis Paulson
at Washington Odonata Photo Gallery

Archilestes grandis

Great Spreadwing

aka Giant Spreadwing

photo male
photo male
photo male
photos males
photo male
photo pairs ovipositing
photo female
photo female
photo female
photo female
photos female

scan male side
scan male top
scan male
scan female side
scans female top & side
scans female 2003

distribution map

size: slender but long;
largest damselfly in CA and all of North America - length 52 - 62 mm;
hind wing 30 - 40 mm

male: hold wings out to sides more than over back;
long dark abdomen with greenish sheen has pale pruinose area near tip;
brown thorax has one continuous pale yellowish side stripe;
when mature eyes usually blue ;
stigma usually dark above;
bottom appendages are divergent;

female: less colorful; usually has dark sigma

behavior: eggs laid in woody plants overhanging water

habitat: temporary pools of slow streams with alder/willow/bay trees

flight period: March - January; a late season species

distribution: sporadic statewide; somewhat rare

CA Dragonflies p. 75

CA Dragons&Damsels p. 26; 43; pl. 2

SW & CA+SW Dragonflies - p. 133

Stokes Guide p. 52

*Scan of CA male by Kathy Biggs at Washington Odonata Photo Gallery

*Photos and scans at Dragonflies of the Southwest

*Photos at Arizona Odonates

*Photos & scans by James Lasswell at Damselflies of Texas

*Photo by Omar Bocanegra at The Odonata of Tarrant County

*Photos of nymph by Dave McShaffrey at Ohio Odonata

*Photos by Ann Johnson at Iowa Odonates

*Photos by Blair Nikula
at Ode News

*Photo by Paul D. Pratt at Ontario Odonata




GENUS: Lestes
Pond Spreadwings
5 CA species

sizes: medium; lengths 31 - 44 mm

males: hold wings out to sides more than over backs;
similar in appearance, told apart by male appendages

nymph: long and slender; roam about in submerged vegetation

behaviors: patrol shoreline from emergent vegetation on which they rest;
oviposit into non-woody vegetation above the waterline;
spring laid eggs hatch in the fall

habitats: frequent margins of ponds, bogs, mashes; still waters

flight periods: March - December


Photo by Bob Claypole

CA Dragons&Damsels p. 44-49

SW & CA+SW Dragonflies - p. 127

*The Pond Spreadwings of the Southwest

*Scan comparing four common NW species
by Dennis Paulson at Northwest Odonata Photo Gallery

*Key to larva in Michigan, UMMZ




Lestes congener

Spotted Spreadwing

photo male
photo male
photo male
photo pair
photo pair
photo female

scans male
scans male
scan male
scans male
scans male
scans male, underside
scans male and pair
scan female
scan female
scan female
scan female

distribution map

size: medium, length 33 - 42 mm;
hindwing 17.5 - 23.5 mm

male: hold wings out to sides more than over back;
thorax mostly black on top; shows large pale patch on sides;
4 dark spots thorax underside; dark brown stigma;
abdomen bronzy black with yellowish markings; does not turn all pruinose;
grayish below last 2 abdominal segments;
lower appendages short, less than 50% length of uppers

female: dark brown thorax, narrow pale yellow stripe; 4 dark spots thorax underside

habitat: ponds, marshes, lakes, slow waters of streams, rivers

flight period: May - December

CA Dragonflies p. 71

CA Dragons&Damsels p. 44-45; pls. 3, 4

SW & CA+SW Dragonflies - p. 129

Dragonflies of Washington, p. 4

Stokes Guide p. 48

*Photo by Douglas Aguillard at Dragonflies of San Diego & Imperial Counties

*Photos by Ray Bruun @ his Dragonfly & Damselfly Photography Pages

*Photo at Eric Preston Photography, Damselflies

*Photo(s) at Stirling's Odonata Photos

*Photo at Don Roberson's Damselflies and Dragonflies of Monterey County, California

*Photos and scans at Dragonflies of the Southwest

*Photos at Arizona Odonates

*Scans of male/female by Dennis Paulson at Washington Odonata Photo Gallery

*Photos by Blair Nikula at Ode News

Lestes disjunctus disjunctus

Northern Spreadwing
[renamed fall 2004] previously Common Spreadwing

aka Lestes disjunctus

photo male
photo male
photo young male
photo young male
photo young male
photo male
photo pair in wheel
photo female

scan male side
scan male top
scan male top
scan male side
scan male side
scan male side
scan males
scan male
scan male
scan pair
scan female top
scan female
scan female underside

distribution map

size: medium, slender, length 32 - 40 mm;
hind wing 24 - 30 mm

male: hold wings out to sides more than over back;
thorax becomes pruinose blue;
first two and last two abdominal segments pruinose blue; other segments with green sheen;
rear of head entirely dark;
stigma usually uniformly dark;
lower appendages long, narrow & mostly straight throughout:
comparison sketches

female: stouter, less colorful

similar species: Spotted Spreadwing has shorter appendages and doesn't turn pruinose on thorax or first 2 abd. segs

habitat: permanent ponds, lakes, marshes, streams, rivers with abundant emergent vegetation

flight period: March - October

distribution: Northern and Central California

CA Dragonflies p. 71

CA Dragons&Damsels p. 27, 47-48, pls. 3,4

SW & CA+SW Dragonflies - p. 128

Dragonflies of Washington, p. 4

Stokes Guide p. 46

*Photo of male by Chris Heaivilin at his Compendium Odonata

*Photos by Ray Bruun @ his Dragonfly & Damselfly Photography Pages

*Photos by Doug Aguillard at his Dragonflies and Damselflies of San Diego and Imperial Counties

*Photos by John Sterling at his Damselflies and Dragonflies of California

*Photos and scans at Dragonflies of the Southwest

*Photos at Arizona Odonates

*Scans of male/female/male variation by Dennis Paulson at Washington Odonata Photo Gallery

*Photos & scans by James Lasswell at Damselflies of Texas

*Photo by Jim Durbin at Iowa Odonates

*Photo by Blair Nikula at Ode News

Lestes dryas

Emerald Spreadwing

aka L. uncatus
aka Stocky Lestes

photo male
photo male
photo male
photo male
photo male
photo young male
photo female
photo female
photo female

scan male top
scan male side
scan male side
scan male side
scan male
scans male
scan female
scan female

distribution map

size: medium; length 30 - 40 mm;
hind wing 18 - 25 mm

male: hold wings out to sides more than over back;
top of thorax bright metallic green, without longitudinal stripes
sides of thorax blue;
abdomen bright metallic green; body stocky;
first two and last two segments can show blue;
males lower appendages expanded at end & ~80% length of upper appendages

female: abdomen more stout; coloration more dull;
ovipositor longer than segment 7

habitat: temporary ponds, lakes, marshes, slow waters of streams, rivers

flight period: April - early October

distribution: hillsides throughout the state

CA Dragonflies p. 70, 73

CA Dragons&Damsels p. 26, 46-47, pls. 3,4

SW & CA+SW Dragonflies - p. 131

Dragonflies of Washington, p. 4

Stokes Guide p. 49

*Photo by Joshua Rose his Dragonfly Pics site"

*Photo of male by Chris Heaivilin at his Compendium Odonata

*Photos by Ray Bruun at his dragonflies of Shasta Co. site

*Photo(s) at Stirling's Odonata Photos

*Photos and scans at Dragonflies of the Southwest

*Photos at Arizona Odonates

*Scans of male/female by Dennis Paulson at Washington Odonata Photo Gallery

*Photos by Robert A. Behrstock
at Damselflies of Texas

*Photo by Jim Bangma at Iowa Odonates

*Photo by John Acorn at Ode News

Lestes stultus

Black Spreadwing

photo male
photo male
photo male
photo male
photo male
photo male
photo male
photo teneral male
photo male
photo male
photo male
photo male
photo pair
photo females
photo female
photo female

scans male
scan males
scan females
scans female

distribution map

size: medium, length 35 - 44 mm;
hind wing 21 - 26 mm

male: hold wings out to sides more than over back;
largest of CA's pond spreadwings;
thorax mostly dark with pale sides; blue eyes;
narrow greenish stripe down middle of mostly black or bronzy thorax;
pale area near dark abdomen tip;
body stocky;
lower appendages expanded at end & ~80% length of upper appendages;
appendages are shorter and wider than Emerald Spreadwing's

female: more stout; brown turns dull black
ovipositor longer than segment 7

similar species: closely related to Emerald Spreadwing, differing primarily in coloration;
also compare by appendage shapes to other spreadwings;
mostly black where dryas is green

habitat: temporary ponds & ditches, sloughs

distribution: restricted to California, northern; endemic

flight period: late March - late August

CA Dragonflies p. 72

CA Dragons&Damsels p.6, 45-46, pls. 3,4

*Photo of male by Chris Heaivilin at his Compendium Odonata

*Photos at Eric Preston Photography, Damselflies (CA)

*Photos by Doug Aguillard at his Dragonflies and Damselflies of San Diego and Imperial Counties

*Photo at Don Roberson's Damselflies and Dragonflies of Monterey County, California

*Photos by John Sterling at his Damselflies and Dragonflies of California

*Photos and scans at Dragonflies of the Southwest

Lestes unguiculatus

Lyre-tipped Spreadwing

photo male
photo female

scan male
scan male
scan male
scan male side
scan male top
scan male top
scan male side
scan female

distribution map

size: 31 - 44 mm;
hind wing 17 -24 mm

male: hold wings out to sides more than over back;
rear of head partly pale;
bronzy black thorax;
no markings on bottom;
stigma light to medium brown; can show pale outer edges;
lower appendages curved outward toward tips (lyre- shaped); pale at base

behavior: over winters as egg

habitat: slow waters, even temporary;
marshes/lakes/ponds/streams/rivers

flight period: June - September

CA Dragons&Damsels p. 27, 48-49, pls. 3,4

SW & CA+SW Dragonflies - p. 129

*Photos by Chris Heaivilin at his CA Compendium Odonata

*Photos by Ray Bruun @ his Dragonfly & Damselfly Photography Pages

*Photos and scans at Dragonflies of the Southwest

*Scans of male/females by Dennis Paulson at Washington Odonata Photo Gallery

*Photos by Robert A. Behrstockat Damselflies of Texas

*Photo by Ann Johnson at Iowa Odonates

*Photos of male/female by Blair Nikula at Ode News/LESTIDAE








DRAGONFLIES of California and
Common DRAGONFLIES of the Southwest
A Beginner's Pocket Guide


by Kathy Biggs
(includes damselflies)


A coloring book -
Dragonflies of North America
A Color and Learn Book
with Activities

May 2007 Click here for more information


by Kathy Biggs and Tim Manolis

For children, grandchildren & your inner child!


For help in identifying CA Odonata, go to
FIELD KEY TO ADULT CALIFORNIA DRAGONFLIES (ODONATA) .
Please let me know if you find this key helpful. (There is also an OLD key using wing venation and sexual appendages in "Aquatic Insects of California" by Unsinger, but this has been out of print for several years. The California Library system should have copies of Unsinger's book available for in-library reference work).

To learn more about these fascinating insects go to Ron Lyon's informative site:
Damsels and Dragons - the Insect Order Odonata.

To encourage dragonflies and damselflies, build a pond "and they will come!"
Read Kathy's article The Pleasures of Wildlife Ponding by clicking here.

or

Click here to go to the Biggs's Wildlife Pond

or

here to go to the Biggs's Pond Wildlife Sightings List with links to photos of some of our visitors

or

Click here to see pictures of the Biggs's pond and its development.


If you have any corrections or additions to this site please send e-mail to Kathy Biggs


click here to return to CALIFORNIA DRAGONFLY FAMILIES