Personal Test for a First Principle

You can test for a first principle by examining our epistemic history. You will not find an analysis of science's first principle in modern history books, because it is now authoritative and unquestioned. Yet it is in the writings of those who laid the foundation for science.

Twenty-six hundred years ago, when the pagan Greeks first tried to invent science, they encountered an immense problem. How could they invent science if matter itself changes? The early philosophers accepted that everything is in flux. They tried to explain the universe in terms of changing matter. A couple of centuries later, Parmenides showed that if matter really changes, they could never invent science. What "is" would eventually become "what is not" - and all scientific theories would eventually fail. Some of the philosophers suggested that atoms were stable. However, they did not believe that this constituted changelessness. Lucretius, the atomist, wrote that everything decays and wears out. The tiny indivisible parts (which they called atoms) were constantly rearranging themselves. Even matter wears out by old age because the indivisible parts were always rearranging themselves producing continuous degeneration.

After three hundred years of debates, Aristotle argued that we must just assume that the properties of matter are fixed and build all knowledge on changelessness - even though none is observed. Aristotle's assumption did not become the basis for science during the classical age. Four hundred and fifty years after Aristotle, the last of the great pagan astronomers, Ptolemy, wrote the Almagest. "It is an attribute of all existing things without exception, both mortal and immortal: for those things which are perceptually changing in their inseparable form, it (mathematics) changes with them, . . ." "physics (is guesswork) because of the unstable and unclear nature of matter; hence there is no hope that philosophers will ever be agreed about them." Mathematics, he believed, is unshakable, because when matter itself changes, mathematics changes with it. (Almagest Book One - G. J. Toomer translation)

Thomas Aquinas depiction on an altarFor more than a millennium educated Christians followed Plato's version of science. Plato, a pagan, admitted that matter corrupts (genesis ka phthora). He claimed that what was changeless existed in an invisible world of Ideas. About 700 years ago, some Catholic monks discovered Aristotle's metaphysics. One of them, the mendicant friar Thomas Aquinas, wrote extensively interpreting Aristotle in Latin. He convinced the popes, who at that time were in charge of all Western universities, to authorize the teaching of Aristotle's system. Over the centuries, many Western scientists kept on building and adjusting their science to fit Aristotle's elementary idea that the properties of matter are not emergent. Even Aristotle's physics changed - but not his elementary assumption, which was by then the foundation for Western science. Historically, science was built on the idea that matter is not changing itself, not continually changing relationally with age.

There is a second way you can test for a first principle. If you are a disciple of a first principle, you will find it difficult to think without it. This inability to think except one way, is evidence that you are under the control of a first principle.

The scientific way of measuring depends on Aristotle's fundamental assumption that the properties of matter are not emergent. For example, scientists operationally define time. An operational definition is not concerned with the actuality of real-time. Time is assumed to exist as a linear flow because clocks are presumed to be made of unchanging matter. Yet no clock ever isolated any time. Clocks can only compare the rate of complex, irreducible, present processes. No local clock ever compared the rate of past seconds with current ones. If matter is changing relationally, clocks would change along with the inertial and space properties of matter. The entire structure of scientific reasoning, scientific mathematics, scientific methods, laws and constants rests on the one assumption - that matter does not change relationally as it ages.

We can actually see the past back to the beginning of the universe. Not a single ancient atomic clock, anywhere, clocks the frequencies of modern atoms. Do you find it difficult to accept what is visible - that all clocks in the universe always accelerate as atoms age? Is it easier for you to believe in mythical things like vacuous processes and invisible matter than to question a single elementary assumption? Do you find it more comfortable to believe that the frequencies of all ancient clocks are being adjusted by the vacuum of space? Then perhaps you do have a first principle?

Prisoner in Plato's CavePlato told a story of prisoners in a dark cave who only saw shadows projected on a wall. In their minds, the shadows were reality, since they never saw the world of sunlight. Then a prisoner escaped, saw the light of the sun and the world of real objects. What would happen if he returned to the cave to free those who only saw shadows? Plato wrote, "Wouldn't it be said of him that he went up and came back with his eyes corrupted, and that it's not even worth trying to go up? And if they were somehow able to get their hands on and kill the man who attempts to release and lead up, wouldn't they kill him?" Do you prefer the shadow word of mathematical reality - rather than the visible history of the universe?

Look at the long ago universe. Observe how the galaxies formed in defiance of every law, definition, mathematical formula and constant of physics. Hundreds of billions of galaxies cannot grow into huge growth spirals unless the properties of matter are always changing. Are you so used to the shadow world of mathematical symbols and operationally defined assumptions - that the real world of visible change is too much for you to bear? The Bible predicted the idea "that panta outos diamenei - all things remain the same in being" would be the arche ktiseos (the first law) of the last-day false teachers. If you are unable to accept the visible history of the universe - and instead prefer the shadow world of symbols - then a first principle controls your mind.

Try as hard as you can to free yourself from the creed of science. Look at the universe and accept what is visible as truth. What we see with sight is biblical cosmic history. What we see with sight is evidence for biblical statements about time and matter (biblical physics). How utterly and completely the literal words of the Bible will vanquish science - the way of measuring and mathematicating founded upon the assumption of a pagan Greek.


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Last modified on February 15, 2009