Lift up your eyes and look at the heavens

Although the Greek philosophers worshiped the planet gods, they sought to explain the workings of nature without gods. The Greeks were unable to reach a consensus on a rational foundation for a godless science during the classical age. The problem they struggled with was: how could they invent science if matter is always changing its properties? After three hundred years of debates, Aristotle suggested that they just assume that the properties of matter are fixed - not emergent. Seven hundred years ago, the Catholic scholastics chose Aristotle's assumption as the foundation for Western science. Over the centuries, Western scientists built a great structure on Aristotle's ancient idea. Modern teachers instruct his assumption by inference, never explicitly, since it is the basis for the scientific structure: the definitions, ways of measuring and mathematical laws of physics. Science is faith based, since it depends on the faith that the properties of matter are not emergent.

A scientist could argue that their system works, therefore, whatever assumptions were made long ago must be valid. Their hypotheses are rigorously and repeatedly tested with precision measurements.

The scientific first principle is the elementary, historical, fundamental assumption for the scientific structure. When scientists test a theory, they use the definitions, units of measuring and mathematical laws that circularly depend on their assumption. Peter, a disciple of Jesus, prophesied that in the last days false teachers will come saying "panta outos diamenei" all things remain the same in being. Peter's prediction has come true since all scientists assume that the properties of matter are NOT emergent.

If matter were changing itself, scientists could adjust their system to work locally and in nearby times. Why? The scientific instruments, mathematics and most measuring units would shift together with the changing matter. However, they could never measure the distance to the stars or contrive a valid earth-history. A scientist could insist that after many tests, they are certain that 1 + 1 = 2. If every atom were changing itself, 1 + 1 would always equal two - yet no ancient object (numbered 1, 2 or any other number)  would be identical to modern objects. There would not be a single constant, not a single independent variable, not even a single mathematical formula that could describe the history of a universe where matter is always changing relationally. In relational change, everything changes together - in parallel.

The evidence for the separation of earth and water is overwhelming. Billions of cubic kilometers of rock were ground into sediments and layered as sedimentary rocks from a watery slurry. Interestingly, the deep oceans do not contain layered, ground up rocks like the continents. A volcanic expansion seam runs the length of every ocean. The continents fit together like jig saw pieces, but only on a minuscule earth. We observe volcanic crust forming every year in the undersea expansion seam. To preserve their assumption that the properties of matter are not emergent, scientists invent a mythical subduction that allegedly swallows the earth's crust. Supposedly, millions of square kilometers of sea floor have wormed their way into the cauldron of the earth's interior. Marine oozes and scraped off sea mounts were allegedly swallowed without a trace. Yet the "subduction trenches" have undisturbed, soft, layered sediments. They contain no scarps, volcanic vents or any other evidences of the alleged subduction. Why do scientists invent magic? They must preserve their first principle, since it is the basis for their entire empirical system.

What about the evidence that the heavens are ekpalai? The Bible uses the term raqiya for the early heavens. Raqiya is the noun form of the verb to pound out, to spread out - the place that is spreading out. What an appropriate term! Ancient galaxies shot out discreet clumps packed densely with stars. These clumps accelerated outward and spread out as billions of ancient galaxies grew into huge, local, growth spirals. Every atom changed its light frequencies as the galaxies grew. What is visible could only happen if the properties of matter are always changing as a relation. What is visible is a violation of every law, every definition and almost every  scientific measuring unit.

Here is a face on galaxy: # 3180 from the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. This galaxy is not particularly distant, relative to most of the galaxies in the HUDF. (The HUDF has 10,000 galaxies in a nine square minute area.) Notice that the arms are made of discrete, equally spaced clumps. At the end of one of the arms sits a yellow clump. On average, the atoms in this ancient galaxy shone at 53% of the light frequencies of modern atoms. In billions of closer galaxies we see how the arms have rotated around more as the atomic clocks accelerate AND the star orbits also accelerate outward.